I'm 27. Posts like this fill me with a weird kind of... melancholy? Sadness? A feeling of having missed out?
At some level I know I'm seeing these pictures through rose-colored glasses, and these early-ish tech folks had plenty of gripes about office life. But man, I came into the workforce just in time for the idea of "working with people in person" to die. And I like working from home, but... man, working on truly new stuff, in person, with people who also care, looks like it was so much fun.
diskzero
I experienced these environments first hand, not at NeXT, but at NeXT adjacents like Apple, General Magic, Danger, Be, Eazel and other startups. What I miss is the shared vision and energy put into a project with a team of people who unify to accomplish a very difficult goal. You could seemingly tackle these projects with a small group and make great progress. We had building blocks, but many of the other fundamental pieces needed simply didn’t exist. You felt like you were constantly discovering something new.
Maybe this is how early Google people felt or how early OpenAI felt. I don’t know. They do have an embarrassment of riches, but I am sure they also felt they were doing great things.
I also worked at modern-ish Amazon and it sucked. Horrible office environment, tedious tasks and overall sense of oppression is what I felt. It is such a huge company, maybe there were pockets of joy.
My current job is back working on hardware products and the software that runs in them. It isn’t quite the same feel as 80s computer companies, but some of the joy is there.
voncheese
I'm old enough to have experience in alot of great office environments (and some terrible ones too), the good for sure outweighs the bad!
Your comment about Amazon sucking resonated as I recently talked with them about a job, but walked away being super disinterested. I do not think this is an Amazon problem (fwiw, I worked at Microsoft for a super long time), I think it's a "problem" with the massive success of technology in the world.
Back in the day of NeXT, Be and early Apple, it was alot about building something cool and fun and a less about the huge money that could/would be made. Now the whole world relies on technology and there is so much money that the environment of a tech company is alot more about the business than it is the technology.
I personally don't think thats necessarily a bad thing, it's just evolution of the technology business.
hylaride
> I personally don't think thats necessarily a bad thing, it's just evolution of the technology business.
I think this is how best to sum it up. We (tech workers) had agency back in the day as we were on the vanguard of something new and there were no best practices in how to manage us. These companies were run by and for tech workers. Today, you'd have all sorts of "stakeholders" telling us what to do. Product managers, various management and/or work tracking styles (agile, KPIs, etc), and top-down oversight.
At my previous job, I was literally dressed down for doing work on the side to resolve some technical debt that was hindering other work because it wasn't properly pointed. Didn't matter that I did it on my own time - showing initiative beyond the current story board was a no-no. How is one supposed to be happy in such an environment?
andrekandre
> work tracking styles (agile, KPIs, etc)
the best de-motivators ever invented for anyone with drive and ambition to make anything great
no_wizard
I feel like the MBA types spoiled everything
Venture Capital, working in the office, how companies operate.
The 1980s and 1990s were largely a scene of people who wanted to be there and were less concerned with KPIs and raising money.
They were engineers or designers first for the most part.
Today’s world one of the first things that happen to any startup is an MBA rolls in to “help get it off the ground”
throwaway-blaze
Um, all of the companies mentioned in this comment thread (with the exception of the original company mentioned, NeXT) received VC investment.
MBAs don't roll into startups to help get them off the ground. One of the good things about what YC has done to startup culture is remove the notion that engineers can't just run the company and do sales.
no_wizard
As noted, I said they ruined venture capital not that venture capital wasn’t a thing, or VC funding wasn’t a thing.
coldtea
>Um, all of the companies mentioned in this comment thread (with the exception of the original company mentioned, NeXT) received VC investment.
Yes, but in a much less frenzier and more kept in its place VC capital mindset.
coldtea
>I also worked at modern-ish Amazon and it sucked. Horrible office environment, tedious tasks and overall sense of oppression is what I felt. It is such a huge company, maybe there were pockets of joy.
Amazon is and always have been bean counters and toxic work culture, and any level, from warehouses to their devs. The rot starts with Bezos.
vondur
Oh wow, Be and Eazel. I bet you have some good stories. I do miss the BeOS and Eazel was doing some good stuff for the Linux desktop back in the day.
diskzero
Lot's of good and bad stories, which are also good. Eazel and Be were quite different but both companies really got jammed up by Microsoft. Microsoft was constantly threatening other companies who wanted to work with us. Be actually ended up getting a settlement out of Microsoft a decade later. I am not sure why Eazel didn't pursue that. It could be because it wasn't in the DNA of Andy to litigate.
Eazel stories are very interesting because the company was trying to interact with the open source movement and this caused some friction several times. Looking back at some of those meetings, it is interesting to compare the youthful idealism of people like Miquel DeIcaza and Nate Friedman to the people they have become today.
piyiotisk
Wow you worked at General Magic? It must be such a cool experience to work there. Tell us more!
diskzero
The General Magic movie covers some things. It is worth a watch.
I am trying to think of something interesting that hasn't been mentioned before. One thing I keep thinking about, when comparing it to other companies I have been at, is that I really liked the founders and the people there. So much in fact, that I ended up working with subsets of them at other companies a few more times. There was definitely stress and overwork and unpleasant things like that, but I never ended up feeling abused or treated poorly in the ways I experienced at Apple, Amazon, other startups or DreamWorks actually.
Andr2Andr
I think at least in PhD positions and university research labs the environment is not as toxic and nowadays at least PhD students can experience something similar to the vibes of a team working together on some cool project.
pengaru
I suspect massive companies like late stage GOOG and AMZN will always be dominated by an oppressive machine in the rank and file. It seems inevitable at this scale.
But the wonderful thing about these places is they can create/acquire/prop-up small subsidiaries. If they're self-aware enough to know the oppressive force at their size, they leave these offshoots alone (until too big, where the cycle repeats anyways). These are the parts where you can still experience the magic being discussed.
Presumably working at X Development (formerly Google X) still has a lot of this energy and autonomy.
elvinyung
which andy are you? :p
cosmic_cheese
For what it’s worth, I’m about a decade older and have had similar feelings.
I’ve worked a 2010s tech office setting, but that was from what I can gather quite a different beast than working in a tech office in the 80s and 90s. The things we worked on seemed so much more frivolous than what our counterparts did back then and culture was more focused on becoming a unicorn or getting bought up than creating something great.
I dunno, I look at records of those times and wish I could’ve been there and worked on something meaningful instead of bouncing though SV working for companies chasing dumb trends that turned out to be dead ends.
FLHerne
Bear in mind that there's a form of survivorship bias with these stories -- you only read about groundbreaking work by dedicated teams that changed the industry despite that always being the exception.
No-one writes blog posts about a boring and unproductive job they had in the 90s, and if they did it wouldn't reach the HN front page.
mmargerum
Start in 91. It was so much better than it is now. Editor, compiler, and a few books. You built everything : windowing, dbase/ndx support, printer drivers, keyboard handling. It was the best of times. Desqview was peak multitasking ha. Don’t let anyone lie to you it was great.
rigonkulous
Desqview was an awesome early way to get online in one .. or even 4 .. sessions, and still be able connect to the local machine in another couple of sessions. It was truly great.
But if you look closely you can see this editor/compiler/references thing is reviving. Its just, the kids are telling the AI to edit/compile/reference.
cogman10
Exactly.
The majority of jobs from the earlier computing era were doing mindless menial work like fixing the Y2K bug in 1000 COBOL systems doing boring stuff like accounting software.
0x445442
That was documented in the movie Office Space.
NetOpWibby
I’m 38 and I worked for an IoT startup a decade ago until the CEO couldn’t pay us anymore (unbeknownst to us, he was emptying his bank account for it salaries instead of telling us months prior to start looking elsewhere).
I’ve mentioned in comments here and elsewhere that I wish I could’ve worked at Bell Labs or Xerox PARC…what a time that must’ve been. Alas. At least my side projects keep me busy; they don’t pay the bills yet but they’re the best chance I got to work on something meaningful and (eventually) get paid to do so.
PetitPrince
> (unbeknownst to us, he was emptying his bank account for it salaries instead of telling us months prior to start looking elsewhere).
This is sad and kinda foolish but it's refreshing to hear money going in this direction instead of the other. I hope this CEO has a good life at least.
NetOpWibby
He made his money in the dotcom boom so he's not totally without smarts. Haven't heard from him since though.
cogman10
Eh, there was a ton of frivolous work being done. That has long been the majority of jobs in the computer world.
For example, you could have been dealing with COBOL banking software. Or order management software. Or even spreadsheet software.
The difference being that all the tools were a lot worse and everything was built from the ground up so it took a lot longer.
Exciting stuff was about as common as it is today, and the reason you aren't doing exciting stuff today is likely because you know that 90% of those companies will end up failing and might not actually pay you. The most successful of those companies will likely do something like selling insurance adjustment software.
LVB
If you expand your career scope to hardware and embedded software, your odds of having to be at a facility, or some customer site, and thus be by other people, rise substantially. I've had a number of jobs where it'd be quite impractical to be remote. e.g. actually building equipment in labs and installing it in machines, aircraft, etc. There are tons of examples. The obvious downside is that the options need to be near your home, or you move. Hence the various "hubs" that pop up for various expertise (SV obviously, but e.g. if you like aviation, Wichita is a good choice)
mrheosuper
This is why i pursuit embedded system. Writing code is 1 thing, seeing it manifest in physical world is just whole another thing.
smugglerFlynn
I believe our current work environments will be romanticized one day, in a similar way - we just don’t recognize the fun parts of the mundane.
Saying this because looking back at my own office spaces through photos and nostalgia feels very different from how it felt and was perceived back then. Connecting in person is much harder nowadays, true, but back then people were not really valuing this ease of connection - it was just an obvious and often obligatory part of your work life.
Brains are weird.
BadlyDrawnBoy
>I believe our current work environments will be romanticized one day, in a similar way - we just don’t recognize the fun parts of the mundane.
I cant see it. I was in the embedded dev world from the early 90s to mid 2000s before I moved into infrastructure architecture. The mostly homogeneous world we currently live in is just not even close to what we had in the 90s. At one point I had a Next Cube, an IBM RS/6000 (AIX 4.x Unix), a BeBox (BeOS), an OS/2 system (PPC), a Sun SparcStation and 2 x NT 3.x system (x86 and PPC) all sat in my office at the same time. The diversity of hardware and operating systems is just not comparable to today. It was an exciting time of rapid development and change and we were aware of it. Much different to what we have now where we just like to pretend we are in a time of rapid development and change but the reality is incremental change and small increments at that outside of AI
I havent found anything in the IT world to excite me for close to 20 years. The expanding core counts were interesting to start with but soon got boring. The introduction of ARM was hardly an excitement. RISC-V is dead as far as performance designs go though its a great micro controller arch. Software is abstraction layer piled on top of abstraction layer piled on top of abstraction layer. There is almost nothing new and hasn't been for a long time
TheAmazingRace
IBM Power is technically still around, albeit it's not quite as easy to find these days. I'm thinking of getting some kind of Power11 box, just to keep the monoculture out of my home lab for as long as possible.
kjs3
I think the same thing, then I price a Power 11 (or Power 10) machine. Ouch. I even kinda liked AIX, even though it is definitely it's own thing. We had such hope for OpenPower but it never came to anything.
smm11
I'm at a letter agency, and the way we work with hands tied behind our backs reminds me of how we worked in the early 90s. It's still out there, you just have to find it.
cube00
> I believe our current work environments will be romanticized one day
While I'd like to think so I can't see myself romanticising the open plan cattle pen we're in now.
I do romanticise when I had my own cube and desk, still loud but nothing compared to the cattle pen we're in now with long floor wide benches, having your opposite neighbour's face in your field of view all day and everyone yelling on zoom calls from all directions.
Gibbon1
I work in a room that's 15X20 mostly by myself. At the rent my company is paying it's about $650/month.
A SW guy in the bay area costs $15,000 a month. And the MBA's won't spring for even 50 square feet of space for them? Which would be what $300/month?
I think you guys should just up and riot.
rconti
What's funny, is my assigned office is open plan with desks packed in, but the floor space is absolutely massive. The walkways are easily 20 feet wide, all the way around the place. There is such an incredible amount of open space that it would be trivial to give employees large workspaces.
foldr
The cubicle used to be the quintessential symbol of the oppressive and dreary nature of office work. Now you're romanticising it, which would have equally seemed absurd to people in the 90s laughing at Dilbert.
cycomachead
To be fair, most of the work environments people are romanticizing are not about the cubicles, but the startups. Smaller teams, kinda scrappy, but mission driven.
In a way, it hasn't changed a ton. Except, the startups now are not so scrappy, and the mission is pretty hotly debated (and for understandable reasons0.
rowanG077
Calling it something extremely negative like a cattle pen makes clear that you aren't even open to consider anything but the negatives.
cosmic_cheese
Well, that or for this person the negatives outweigh the positives.
I have some good memories associated with open floor plan offices, but I totally get why others might not be so lucky. There were several days back then where the commotion surrounding me was too “loud” (e.g. people moving in my peripheral vision catching my attention) to shut out, even with good ANC headphones, and made it near impossible to work. I would’ve loved a cubicle or private office on days like that.
These days I work from home and don’t miss that aspect of modern offices a whole lot, even if they do enable the occasional serendipitous positive moments.
ElevenLathe
It's strictly worse than the alternatives mentioned (cubes and real offices). Why not be negative?
thijson
Some of my favorite memories of that time are firing up a multiplayer game of Doom on the university LAN, and then later at my first job playing Duke Nukem 3D at lunch time with my colleagues. A little later at another job playing 4 vs 4 player Age of Empires with my colleagues. We don't have that anymore, and hardly any games these days are LAN multiplayer as well.
steele
Working with people in person died proportionally with corporate laptops featuring wireless telecom. Not because of the mobility, but more because of the collapse of the otherwise natural modes and boundaries.
larusso
Yeah. These days when the work machine actually stayed at work. Or that you had meetings with everybody in the room without in front of a laptop or mobile screen.
HoldOnAMinute
Please, someone tell me that right now in the Bay Area, there is still a company, and people like the ones in these pictures.
They aren't mixmaxing or trying to score a promo.
kjs3
This might surprise some people, but there are pretty cool tech companies that aren't in the Bay Area.
pengaru
I'm decades older, and it seems to have always been a rare thing to be part of a small team of talented people building something special and relevant to the future. These were and are exceptional places and that's arguably why they produced something we're talking about today.
Watch Office Space if you haven't already. That's what most of the irl white-collar existence really reflected throughout my career. And unless you actively pursued (and arguably created in part yourself by seeking out, showing up, and participating) something special even back then at a startup, you were very likely missing out then as much as now.
There are still people making things, irl even. I'd be surprised if Tenstorrent didn't have an environment like you're pining for, or Tilt Five.
reaperducer
working on truly new stuff, in person, with people who also care, looks like it was so much fun.
You can get a sense of what it was like in the film Real Genius.
In the film, it's college. But a lot of companies of the era weren't too different from what is pictured.
tonyedgecombe
I don't know. I was watching a video about Bill Atkinson the other day (the guy behind the original Mac UI) and he worked from home because it was the only way he could get things done.
diskzero
It ebbed and flowed with Bill. He would tackle super hard tasks at Apple or General Magic and isolate and hyper focus. I saw this from others at General Magic, Be, Apple, Danger, and even more current Amazon. You can even read about this in Soul of a Machine. I suppose the trait of someone on a critical path doing this has been going on forever.
Bill also had some different definitions of “getting stuff done”. At General Magic when others were driving super hard to get things done, he would make soup and ensure that everyone was eating and not totally driving themselves into the ground.
LanceJones
1 - 10: How accurately was life at General Magic portrayed in the documentary?
diskzero
I'll have to rewatch, but I remember watching and debriefing with others and no one seemed like it misrepresented much. The movie created drama and tension and told a neat story. I do wish we had that cool electronic music playing in the background all the time. That might have helped us get more work done.
It was a really interesting group of people, with Pierre Omidyar and Tony Fadell going on to make large impacts in the tech world in different ways. Everyone there was really interesting and smart, even the ones who continued to build and work without all the publicity.
Another veteran of that era. I think their cult-like behaviors and death marches are falsely remembered as glorious mission. I was in two recognizable startups in that era and, 35 years later, still have disturbing dreams about one of them. What I really, truly miss is lone wolf software development, God bless it!
coldtea
>At some level I know I'm seeing these pictures through rose-colored glasses
You really don't. The world has gotten a lot worse in lots of ways when those days are compared to today, and the industry and job market for IT even more so.
insom
Yeah. I think the death of "working with people in person" (for knowledge work) is going to be looked back at a turning point for a lot of reasons, same as the industrialization of manufacturing, probably.
I'm 43, but when I was your age I worked for a agency doing custom software development for non-software companies, in an office. I retrospectively think that could have been some of the most meaningful time that I spent in my career -- in terms of having impact on the real world that I can point to, and growth and social connections. Also, because the people who ran the company had little experience of the business world: almost no meetings, no product managers (we just talked directly to our customers). Just about 15 software devs, some UX folks and a minimum viable management layer (who was also sales).
It was mostly 1-2 people per project for the lifetime of the customer, so you had a lot of leeway over how you built software, as you were going to be probably maintaining it for the rest of your time at the company.
But at the time I hated it: meh pay, chaotic work environment, micro-management of your time, FILLING IN TIMESHEETS, an open-plan environment which was noisy and distracting, no structured knowledge sharing, CI, testing or other grown-up software practices. I was very unhappy there and don't want to over-romanticize it -- but I wouldn't be the person I am today without that experience.
lapcat
> At some level I know I'm seeing these pictures through rose-colored glasses, and these early-ish tech folks had plenty of gripes about office life.
Specifically, their gripes were that their boss was extremely abusive. Read "Steve Jobs in Exile" about the NeXT days. After that, you may no longer feel that you missed out.
diskzero
He was abusive before NeXT, after and sadly, almost to the day he died. As Andy Herzfeld says, he was the best possible boss and the worst possible boss. Working for Steve was exhilarating and deeply traumatizing.
tannertech
I did high level IT and general org management for 8 years without a single opportunity to see the office or people in person, before covid. Doesn't make it easy to manage a global team for sure.
ecto
Why not go work with people in person?
diskzero
Sure, if you can find the opportunity and the means to do it.
My observation about being in Silicon Valley in the 80s/90s was the overall changing environment and ethos of the people there. I am sure there are going to be some massive simplifications here, so bear with me.
One is the overall environment back then. Things weren't cheap, but rent was much more affordable in relation to pay. NeXT paid well, you could rent in decent place in Burlingame, Foster City, Redwood City, etc. The commute down Seaport was fairly quick and traffic was light. Things seemed less crowded and frenetic and that made going into the office less of a chore. The cost of living in Silicon Valley is pretty intense. The tiny townhouse I bought in Cupertino near the current Apple campus was $150,000. It recently sold for 1.2 million. I haven't charted it, but the relation between compensation and housing costs have to be wildly out of proportion to when I bought the place. I was pulling a very good salary at the time and a lot of that money went into savings and investments. Now, I imagine a lot of that income would go into mortgages and expenses. Maybe current residents can comment.
The overall attitude seemed to be more about doing new and interesting things and maybe the money will follow. There wasn't as much of a go to Silicon Valley and get rich doing a startup. Maybe this was just an echo of some Berkeley hippie vibe that was present in a lot of the tech startups back then.
The new and interesting things also seemed more accessible. It seemed like there was less gatekeeping and more ways to get involved with "cool" stuff. Maybe this was also an echo of the Homebrew Computer club and early computer hacker ethos.
I do work person to person in a company, but I feel super lucky to have gotten this role. Really good in-person roles just seem super rare. The ones that I have been exposed to at Amazon, Google, Facebook and other current hiring centers just seem miserable to me. Please correct me if I am wrong and am missing the big picture.
HoldOnAMinute
I've been to a few corporate events at the Seaport conference center. What a hidden gem. Being so close to the water is amazing.
mmargerum
It’s not the working with people that I mind
. It’s the lack of discipline in companies to spec anything out up front so your day is sprinkled with meetings and impromptu discussions absolutely murdering productivity . Then you have to work late just to get your work done. Maybe half days on site make more sense
random3
It was. I think it could still be for some things.
rexpop
Yeah, buddy. The structural collapse of workplace sociability is just one facet of the overall dismantling of long-term relational social contracts in favor of contingent, hyper-mobile labor arrangements.
In-person, copresent time spent with friends has _also_ collapsed by roughly 60% over the last two decades. The social fabric of our civilization is thinning out!
Have you seen _The Matrix_? That's pretty much where this is all headed: total corporate mediation of human experience and relationships. You are forced to passively contemplate as an audience member the very concepts of joy and creative agency that oyr current economic architecture denies you from living.
Your nostalgia is valid; you're being cheated! Swindled! Thieved blind!
Dense, multi-stranded local networks and informal support structures are an obstacle to the Capitalist imperative to enclose every non-monetized "commons" and turn every facet of human life into an immediate site of market extraction.
The only solution is engaging neighbors and co-workers in direct conversations to name our concrete, everyday grievances.
Directly! And not on moderated forums like these, where powerful techno-elitists can continue the project of mediating our reality. (Hi, Tom!)
bennyg
It was.
whazor
we are nowhere near the perfect computer yet
rexpop
Not at all what OP is talking about. Re-read the comment. They're lamenting the isolation and atomization of current working environments.
whazor
i am replying to the 'feeling of having missed out' part
it is not too late to build a better computer and to also be in a working environment that has fun
HoldOnAMinute
If everyone in the 1970's had a VT100 time-sharing terminal in their home, they could do nearly everything we are doing currently.
musicale
Probably, for the most part. ;-)
ulfw
LOL be happy you still have a job. Many of us don't. Brave new world
felixding
I've always liked NeXTSTEP's distinctive user interface. I wish we had a version that ran on modern hardware, similar to what https://github.com/trunkmaster/nextspace is trying to achieve.
Also, Steve Jobs in Exile, the most recent book about NeXT, is highly recommended.
elcritch
I've been working on an attempt at a modern OpenStep/Cocoa inspired GUI called Merenda [1], but built with modern GPU based stack. The original theme was an Aqua clone but without using any images for the buttons! I used the NextSTEP OpenStep specification as part of the original specs. The workspace ideas were fascinating.
The GUI library aspect is progressing well, but getting a desktop environment going is challenging even with AI. Still I want to capture things like the document workspaces and such. Lately Ive been tempted with making a postscript like display server based on GPU accelerated vector primitives.
How did they get it to run well on the iPhone 2 I wonder if it was that slow
elcritch
From what I've read careful programming. They also used images for buttons and other widgets. Pre-canned images look great but are also fixed in size, shape.
One of my goals with Merenda is to make a NextStep/Cocoa like GUI system but with a richer primitives - things like resizing corners dynamically with the shadows or adjusting gloss positions on skeuomorphic buttons.
Things web pages can do nowadays but in a NextStep like framework with rich MVC. Also with message passing but in Nim a more strongly typed language than ObjC.
An alternative evolution of Cocoa instead of SwiftUI.
OhMeadhbh
Just get a modern Mac and remove half the RAM. That should get you the same experience. The visual design was first class, but I remember when I went from NeXTStep to NEWS to X11 and was very relieved to not have to have my mouse spin for minutes at a time.
kjs3
I remember NeWS being significantly slower than NeXTStep (and on a faster processor). X11 could be slow, too (VAXStation QVSS, anyone?), but flew on decent hardware. The tragedy is that with 5+ orders of magnitude more processor, 3+ orders of magnitude more memory and a GPU, I still think "crap this is laggy".
WillAdams
One will still be missing:
- pop-up/vertical main menu
- PANTONE colour library
- Display PostScript
I actually used similar machines running NeXT/OPENSTEP, Mac OS, and Windows shortly after graduation and the performance was smoother and more consistent in NeXTstep 3.3, though I will admit OPENSTEP 4.2 felt just a tad more sluggish, but it was far and away the more useful and capable machine, even when running the same software (e.g., Altsys Virtuoso vice Aldus Freehand, or FrameMaker or WordPerfect).
Probably helped that the Cube had 52MB RAM, the Mac 8MB, and the Windows 12MB.
OhMeadhbh
Talking about DPS... People will tell you that the Quartz/PDF rendering engine is just the same as DPS, but they're wrong. NEWS was... delightful. It was close enough to DPS as to make little difference, but running on SPARC processor. I just looked at some NeWS screen-shots and they look much worse than I remember. Greyscale NeXTStep on the mono monitor was a tough act to follow. Even the colour NeXTStations weren't as sharp.
WillAdams
It also enabled nxhosting, which was magical --- allowed one to do remote control over dial-up (so long as one didn't manipulate too large a pixel image).
I really wish Display GhostScript had gotten traction w/ the GNUstep folks.
On comp.sys.next.advocacy Mike Paquette talked about how he might not have stayed at Apple after the NeXT acquisition if he'd realized that that first decade was going to be a re-tread of his first decade at NeXT (writing Quartz vice writing Display PostScript) which I think really understates how important that code is.
tonyedgecombe
To some extent everything was like that unless you had bleeding edge hardware. Running an up to date version of Windows was endlessly frustrating until the Core 2 Duo came along.
jtfrench
That brought me back! The Intel Core 2 Duo was the “Apple Silicon” moment before Apple Silicon.
(It's vobecoded in the original sense of the word)
segmondy
You can vibe up your own distinctive user interface today! it's 2026.
HoldOnAMinute
It looks so similar to Motif to me
mvkel
> By 1991 only 50,000 NeXTcubes had been sold. One of these, however, was used by Tim Berners Lee to create the first web browser and server.
Is it even possible to overstate the impact that Jobs has had on the world?
butlike
Sure. If it wasn't the NeXTcube it would have been something else. The creation of WWW is independent of Steve Jobs.
TheOtherHobbes
He's responsible for the iPhone, and effortless touch screen pocket computing has been culturally and psychologically catastrophic.
That's not his fault specifically, and it's possible someone else would have invented the same tech eventually.
But he had a gift for sawing the hard edges off tech and making it palatable. Adtech and social media both took full advantage of that, and there's no evidence he saw that as a problem.
trop
There's a band called Stoney Spring which has a somewhat caustic 2013 song "Jobs" which touches on this. Excerpts:
I don't blame Steve Jobs
For what he's done to our bodies and our brains
I blame you and me for making Steve Jobs feel like what he done was right
...
And I don't blame Steve Jobs
For turning rock-and-roll into a store at the mall
I blame you and me for accepting the seduction
Of being normal
I don't blame Steve Jobs
For driving a spike through the heart of the public space
I blame you and me
For retreating into fantasy, fingering our half-formed thoughts
In our sleek sexy crumbling civilization
...
I don't blame Steve Jobs
For making us timid and effete
I blame you and me
For paying Steve Jobs to turn those sins into a lifestyle
And a product
And an industry
And an identity
A badge of honor
...
Sir_Twist
If Apple didn't make the iPhone, wouldn't someone else have? I feel like the iPhone is a natural progression from what came before it (cell phones, PDAs, mp3 players, and other, more niche varieties of pocket devices). I feel like the iPhone isn't some blip on the technological timeline that wouldn't have happened otherwise. It just so happened that, by whatever factors were at play, Jobs was in the right place at the right time.
vee-kay
The video game series Doom and Quake were developed by id Software using NeXT computers.
Thus the FPS genre in gaming was pioneered on these pioneering machines.
Object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces became more common after the 1988 release of the NeXT Computer and NeXTSTEP. The platform was often held as the trendsetter when other companies started to emulate the success of NeXT's object-oriented system. Sun Microsystems partnered with NeXT, for the NeXTSTEP Solaris but lost interest, but it later created Java as a direct competitor to NeXTSTEP.
Apple used NeXT's software technologies as the foundation for Rhapsody, Mac OS X (later macOS), and the operating systems that followed.
mentos
I believe Jensen Huang said Doom was the game that launched NVIDIA?
So NeXT -> Doom -> Nvidia -> AI
MrDOS
Doubtful. Doom was fully software-rendered. Quake, maybe?
thewileyone
There was also 3DFX that led the way, before NVIDIA, with their Voodoo cards. The night and day difference of gaming on a Trident card vs a Voodoo card made grown men cry.
bigstrat2003
> Is it even possible to overstate the impact that Jobs has had on the world?
Yes, very easily. He didn't actually make anything, he was a sales guy. It was the engineers who worked around him (Woz in the Apple days, others after) who deserve credit, not Jobs himself.
spider-mario
Doesn’t that understate it? Isn’t a sales guy still important, to figure out what to build and to actually get it in the hands of users? Or are we to believe that he just founded NeXT with zero idea of what he wanted the company to make, and the engineers just so happened to make it?
lapcat
> Or are we to believe that he just founded NeXT with zero idea of what he wanted the company to make
This is literally what happened. I highly recommend the book "Steve Jobs in Exile" about the NeXT years.
Jobs had a vague idea—he wanted to make a computer for higher education—but that's about it. And after leaving Apple he had to promise not to compete with Apple.
The NeXT team traveled around to various universities and asked them what they wanted from a computer. Then they started to build it… but it became something else (vastly more expensive than the requested price point) because Jobs wanted the "perfect" computer.
> the engineers just so happened to make it?
Jobs was a micromanager, though not so much with the Apple II, which was definitely the baby of Woz. However, Jobs was constantly changing his mind and his requirements, much to the consternation of the NeXT engineers, and the indecision of Jobs played a big role in the failure of NeXT.
You may not consider NeXT a failure because it was ultimately acquired by Apple, but at that point Jobs had mostly given up on NeXT and moved his attention to Pixar. In fact Jobs infamously sold all of the Apple stock he got from the sale of NeXT, and the Apple board had to beg a reluctant Jobs to become interim CEO, because they couldn't find anyone else who wanted the job of rescuing a failing company.
To be fair, sales is crucial. For example, Jean-Louis Gassée totally botched the presentation of Be to the Apple board, making no effort, assuming it was already a done deal, whereas Jobs and NeXT nailed it.
diskzero
I was at Be then, and the biggest botch was JLG asking for too much money IMHO. Steve ended up asking for 4x as much and Apple got 100x more value than what Be would have given them. I loved BeOS; I helped make it! But it had so many flaws, missing features and shallow implementations, OSX would certainly never have shipped. The NeXT team was very good, the code was much more mature and comprehensive and much less work needed to be done to mold it into OSX. Many of the key Be people ended up at Apple over time.
lapcat
> I was at Be then, and the biggest botch was JLG asking for too much money IMHO. Steve ended up asking for 4x as much and Apple got 100x more value than what Be would have given them.
The 100x more value is only in hindsight, no?
> OSX would certainly never have shipped.
If this had been known by Apple beforehand, then wouldn't Be have been worth $0, and the sale price irrelevant?
diskzero
> The 100x more value is only in hindsight, no?
Well, honestly, in hindsight, let me correct to 10000x! But seriously, this is a discussion about a historical event, and that is what my comment expressed.
> If this had been known by Apple beforehand, then wouldn't Be have been worth $0, and the sale price irrelevant?
I don't really understand this comment. I mean, Be actually ended up being worth about 11 million as a result (the Palm acquisition). Apple, meaning Gil Amelio, Ellen Hancock and the other business and technical people who met with us at Be, and our counterparts at NeXT, had to to an analysis and predict the future as to which technology would replace the current Macintosh OS and eliminate the failing Taligent, Pink and whatever else efforts were going on. And even then it wasn't easy; there was infighting between the Apple teams and the NeXT teams that didn't get resolved until Steve came out of limbo during the 18 months he was acting as a advisor to Gil Amelio.
What isn't commonly discussed, is there was an option for both acquisitions to happen, but a combination of JLG, the Be board and shareholders and Steve made that not happen. Instead, Be went into making internet appliances, audio hardware and the company and its stock price slid into decline. Be did get one additional windfall of 23 million in 2003 which was the result of lawsuit settlement, so I guess the overall company value ended up being 34 million.
Most of us would have preferred to work with the NeXT people at Apple and convert our Be shares into Apple shares, instead of seeing the stock price fall and the code become irrelevant.
lapcat
> I don't really understand this comment.
I was trying to reconcile the various statements in your previous comment:
"the biggest botch was JLG asking for too much money"
"Steve ended up asking for 4x as much"
"it had so many flaws, missing features and shallow implementations, OSX would certainly never have shipped"
If Jobs asked for 4x as much as JLG, and Apple went with Jobs, then clearly the ask by itself was not the problem.
And if the Apple board of directors had concluded that BeOS would never work for Apple, then my question would be, why would Apple pay anything for it?
I wasn't aware of this:
> What isn't commonly discussed, is there was an option for both acquisitions to happen
What would be the purpose of acquiring both? Was the idea to acquire Be only for the talent and not for the OS?
diskzero
> What would be the purpose of acquiring both? Was the idea to acquire Be only for the talent and not for the OS?
A bit of both and it is a fascinating thing for me to think about, because of the knock on effects. Because Steve was insightful, even if JLG was on board with it, Steve probably would have told Amelio, don't bother, because we can scoop up the people later on. Steve did something later on with Eazel, although with Andy Herzfeld's request to do so, and ended with much of the Safari team, Finder/Spotlight team, key CoreGraphics and iPhone team members and more.
If all of Be had went to Apple, perhaps Apple would have use used elements of the Media Kit, the file system (Dominic ended up at Apple doing the new file system, and more anyway), the UX team (Bill Bull ended up at Apple anyway), etc. But the effect on the industry would have been interesting. Danger, Inc. and the Hiptop wouldn't have happened, Android under Andy Rubin wouldn't have happened, Hiroshi would have ended up an exec at Apple and not running Android for Google, Eazel probably wouldn't have happened (not such a big deal). Benoit would have been an exec at Apple and not Google, Erich Ringewald would have ended up an exec at Apple and not Amazon, etc. These are must minor fluctuations I guess, but fun to think about.
WillAdams
BeOS was also hampered by promising more than they delivered --- I was just about bodily ejected from a BeOS user's group meeting when I asked how the presenter's slides were printed (at that time, BeOS didn't have printer drivers, a marked contrast to NeXT's use of PostScript for both display and printing and even having a rasterizer which had them adding a clause in later OS versions limiting the DPI for output --- folks were buying NeXT computers and using them to drive imagesetters, bypassing the normal PS license expense).
diskzero
Oh wow, I wish I was in that meeting to see that. You are completely correct about the printer drivers and so many other elements of BeOS. BeOS was very incomplete and very shallow. I also shiver to think about what would have happened when the kernel and driver code was audited. It would be a very interesting experiment to get ahold of the leaked BeOS 4 source code and use a LLM to compare the driver code against the Linux source code of the same era.
mft_
I think the previous poster is wrong. In typical understanding of industry roles, a ‘sales guy’ doesn’t typically work hands-on with product development. Some variations of ‘marketing’ roles do indeed work on developing new products, so this might be less inaccurate.
But in reality, Jobs was probably unique in that he blended a combination of multiple roles - sales/marketing, product designer/manager, strategist/visionary, and had the muscle being CEO to impose his will accordingly.
The trope of “he didn’t really do anything as it was the engineers who did the real work” is one trotted out time and time again, by (presumably) grumpy engineers. And it misses the point that, yes, Apple (or Next, or SpaceX) wouldn’t have delivered their exceptional products without the hard work of the engineers, but they also wouldn’t have delivered them in the same way (or at all) without Jobs (or Musk) and what they offered, either.
- iDVD --- he drew a button on a whiteboard and announced, "Here’s the new application. It’s got one window. You drag your video into the window. Then you click the button that says BURN. That’s it. That’s what we’re going to make." https://www.entrepreneur.com/living/how-steve-jobs-1-design-...
I'd like to think that the current behaviour of the Apple Font pallet where when collapsed into a single bar grew out of a suggestion made after discussions on comp.sys.mac.advocacy --- but he was justifiably proud when he showed it off to one visitor (per a link I can no longer find, or which is no longer up, or behind a paywall)
diskzero
Cool observations and he said and did similar things in pretty much every meeting or demonstration we did in the UX team when I was at Apple. I only wish we had more of those and less of the nasty comments and personal abuse he was so good at dishing out. We also got a lot of that every meeting too.
diskzero
He was a sales guy, a charismatic visionary, an abusive cult leader, a passionate motivator, a single-minded steam roller, an obsessive product manager, an introspective thinker, a borderline sociopath, a company builder, an insightful analyzer of design, music, pop culture, architecture, fashion and more. He was deeply flawed, but definitely more than only a “sales guy”.
TheAmazingRace
Because I was born right around the time the first NeXT Computer was announced in late ‘88, I wasn’t cognizant of the rise and fall of the NeXT platform, but I did come to appreciate the projects that were based on it, like the early WWW.
As a matter of fact, the first time I even heard of NeXT was a decade later in around ‘98, when PC Magazine or Computer Shopper (I can’t remember exactly which one) made a brief and snarky mention of the NeXT Cube in a retrospective blurb as a novel yet highly incompatible computer system, no doubt penned by John C Dvorak (RIP) who always had it out for Steve Jobs. It stuck with me, because the image of the NeXT they used looked like no other computer I was familiar with at the time and I was head over heels for it. I even tried procuring one for many years but was ultimately unsuccessful.
Frog did an outstanding job on the design language for the NeXT hardware. They then went on to help design the look of the Packard Bell PCs from the early to mid 90s too.
These are really cool photos and, honestly, I’d love to travel back to this past even briefly, just to experience it in person if I could.
simondotau
> the rise and fall of the NeXT platform
In a very real sense, the NeXT platform never fell. It just changed its name to Mac OS X. Apple still ships Chess.app and TextEdit.app which can be launched from Dock.app, and you might see a spinning beachball cursor while it loads.
TheAmazingRace
You are technically correct. I suppose I should clarify and state that I mean the rise and fall of the original incarnation of the NeXT platform under the NeXT Computer Inc. (later NeXT Software Inc.) company.
smm11
It's a spinning optical disk.
pjmlp
While it was kind of interesting, very few people really could use it, my graduation thesis was porting a particle visualisation framework from Objective-C, NeXTSTEP into C++, Windows, because the department was getting rid of their Cubes.
This was one or two years before Apple's deal, when no one had big hopes for NeXT's future.
rconti
Even working in tech it would have been relatively easy to miss the rise and fall of NeXT. It was, after all, in a relatively small niche.
boie0025
I have a working NeXT workstation with a monochrome monitor and working system keyboard and mouse. Running the original NeXTSTEP os. It's not a cube, just a workstation, but I'm happy to have it. I dumpster dove the workstation sometime around 1997, and my HS girlfriend's dad donated the KVM to me when he learned I obtained a workstation. He kept the cubes for himself; three previously employed at his now defunct typesetting company.
I have it displayed on the stairs to the basement of my software consulting firm. I nod at it every time I walk by.. and then ponder the chaos that would ensue if I plugged it into the internet.
I'm not Jobs' biggest fan, but we stand on the shoulders of giants.
wpm
Not a lot would happen if you plugged it into the internet, unless you happened across a bot that had some exploit for a 40 year old OS at the ready and thought it was worth the time. NeXTSTEP is well into the "secure through age" part of the bathtub curve.
boie0025
That seems reasonable.. "secure through age" is effectively "security through obscurity", which is stunningly effective most of the time... yet, I'll take a hard pass. I will let it rest in peace. Note that your point is well taken. I have an arbitrarily large collection of legacy compute that I have acquired over the years, and it all stays offline because I don't have the time or energy to deal with any fallout of plugging it in. I'm sure everything would be fine. The NeXT box, the old BBS servers, the CP/M crap I can never find time to dork around with.. maybe one day if I am able to retire I'll spin up the inefficient hoard and enjoy it. But until then, I can't risk the distraction. I miss when it was a hobby and not a career.
TheOtherHobbes
As long as it's not running PHP you should be fine.
shrubble
I used a NeXT mono slab for 8-10 months while working at a NeXT reseller in the mid 1990s. It was a fantastic experience.
hofiflo
I think there wouldn't be too many exploits casually flying around the net for this kind of thing ;) but it'd be an interesting experiment.
I once wrote a CTF challenge for a retro-themed challenge. That was fun and it took most of the participants still the better half of a day to pop it, simply because the system is so obscure by today's standards!
zerohm
The first time I ever entered a college computer lab, it just happen to be a room of NeXT machines. You could tell immediately they were very high quality machines, and being not Windows or Mac, unlike anything I'd ever seen. I was so confused as to what they were and where they came from.
jdswain
Not a lot would happen because it doesn't have a DHCP client. You would need to open HostManager manually set up the interface.
boie0025
I should note that it runs "a patchy server" on boot.
itomato
Not a lot would happen, but we're still pushing the boundaries of the platform.
Lammy
> The following year a fully automated factory was constructed to produce the NeXTcube computer.
I was listening to a podcast about Jobs in his role at Next and was surprised how terrible and disfunctional he was as a CEO, at least in the initial phases. I still find it incredible that the company managed to actually make something valuable in the end and have enough runway for him to figure out how to do the job properly. Like seriously, how did he even manage to retain any talent at all at the company, I still find it incredible.
jtfrench
I dunno man, as someone who’s worked directly with him and seen him in the flesh many times, it’s painfully obvious why Steve Jobs was an amazing (and flawed) human being that had people flocking around him. To act like someone has to be perfect in order to be admirable, that we don’t all have our thorns and warts, is in my opinion, a disingenuous take on the human condition. He did a lot of shitty things, like all of us if we go digging through our respective closets, but the man was truly a rare type of entrepreneur who even today completely stands out from the typical tech CEOs of Silicon Valley (many of which are also douchey, amoral, island-affiliated people, yet people still want to work for them). If this isn’t obvious to you why, my only guess is that you haven’t seen as many sides of him, or you’re not being honest about what it means to be human.
ackbar03
Maybe I should clarify a bit what I meant. I'm not one of those "oh Steve jobs is a horrible person, he's so mean Yada Yada".
What I meant was he made some really horrible _business_ decisions while at NeXT, things that would be considered obvious today, like constant opinion changing on whim, constant product delays, product decisions that for the most part seemed to make the product more expensive and less functional, skipping important business meetings because oh-I'm-so-important when they really needed the sales etc. Granted I got all this from a podcast and didn't dig into the details myself, but I think for the large part he did objectively make some pretty horrible decisions in the early days at NeXT, although in the end it seems that he did seem to learn from them and turn things around, and arguably made him the guy he is more known for today.
Again, my amazement mostly stems from how he even had the chance to turn things around given the way the company was going and how he clearly still had some pretty talented people stick through the whole ordeal and end up producing valuable products through all that was going on.
mentos
Curious if you have a minute to try to put more words to what made him amazing? I've got my ideas but curious to hear yours before I bias you.
LightBug1
Thanks for that fairER assessment.
For all his warts and all, Jobs is starting to age well in comparison to the current crop of wankers.
Excuse my French.
lapcat
> To act like someone has to be perfect in order to be admirable, that we don’t all have our thorns and warts, is in my opinion, a disingenuous take on the human condition. He did a lot of shitty things, like all of us if we go digging through our respective closets
IMO this is a disingenuous take on Steve Jobs. No, all of us are not as horrible to other people as Jobs, who was notorious for his abusiveness. This is like saying, we all tell lies, so how can we criticize Trump? There's a huge difference between normal human foibles and extreme antisocial behavior. Perhaps Jobs calmed down a bit as he got older, but the reports from his coworkers at NeXT for example were ugly. Some of them retained a lifetime of bitterness, and his death was a kind of catharsis for them, not that they wished him dead but rather they could finally let go of the old emotions.
Even good-natured Woz was pained when he finally learned years later that Jobs had cheated him on a pre-Apple business deal. The problem wasn't the money, which Woz was always happy to give away. It was the betrayal of trust and friendship. Jobs was not a normal dude. He was a deceitful narcissist; this is on the public record in an FBI background check: https://vault.fbi.gov/steve-jobs (credit to the book "Steve Jobs in Exile" for the link)
stasomatic
But would we have what we have now without SJ? I read (listened) the book. I've worked with phony CEO talking heads with zero "vision". Apple has gone through many like that and still ended up on Steve, that says something, no?
lapcat
> But would we have what we have now without SJ?
Does the end justify the means? That's an ethical question.
Also, how much did we really need what we have now? We can ask whether dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was justified, but in any case the stakes were extremely high, already life and death, world war. The stakes are not nearly the same when we're talking about luxury consumer tech gadgets. How much do workers need to be abused just to produce those?
Ryder123
Depends on the end, and depends on the means.
stasomatic
I can't answer the ethical question, but I don't think it's binary B/W. We are not talking Oppenheimer here who's been elevated and his sins "pardoned".
I've listened to the most recent books, e.g. "Apple in China", "Steve Jobs in Exile", "Apple the first 50 years". By all accounts, he was a very difficult persona, but somehow folks gravitated to him or he changed gravity. Not trying to idolize the guy but failing, but I'll tell you I cried and my heart sank when I heard the news of his passing.
Who can you name now at the helm of any tech company today that has anywhere same gravitas? The charlatans at the 2 top AI firms? Certainly not MSFT, Google, Amazon and FB ether, imo. Nobody cares about their CEOs.
The stakes are not nearly the same when we're talking about luxury consumer tech gadgets. How much do workers need to be abused just to produce those?
Neiman Marcus
The 2026 Fantasy Gifts
Star Wars Legacy Experience
$182,500
iPhones are just phones at a different price point at a different quality point with different levels of support. Some like Hondas, others - Lexus'. I can't say about abuse, I haven't been to China or India, but do you think any people on Android assembly lines fare better off? Not arguing, just spitballing.
jensgk
When I was a student at the Technical University of Denmark in the early 1990s, I remember a NeXT computer being prominently displayed in the Polytechnic Bookstore on campus. It was an absolute dream machine at the time, not least because of all the amazing software that came bundled with it.
harelj6
Crazy how these images make me feel like they had a "work hard play hard" environment... The Benz with the plate and then the "deep shit" on the board. Pretty cool!
WillAdams
The high water mark of my computer usage was my final year of college when I used an NCR-3125 running Go Corp.'s PenPoint as a portable note-taking/sketching device and connected it to a NeXT Cube w/ a Wacom ArtZ graphics tablet.
I was very hopeful when Rhapsody was announced, but quite disappointed by Mac OS X Public Beta managed to slow my PowerMac G4/400MHz at my day job down to almost the same speed as my 25MHz NeXT Cube (always was bummed I couldn't manage to justify a Turbo 33MHz machine). It took the better part of a decade for things to catch up, though my favourite version was Snow Leopard.
Still quite disappointed that MacWorld couldn't be bothered to print my letter calling out David Pogue for claiming that Steve Jobs was using an IBM ThinkPad running Windows (it of course had OPENSTEP installed, being one of the few models on the supported hardware list).
Really enjoyed using Altsys Virtuoso 2.0 and programming in Display PostScript and seeing the results on-screen in real-time --- it was more-or-less ported to Windows and Mac OS as FreeHand v4 (and a version of it was announced/advertised for Windows NT, not sure if it ever shipped) --- still resort to Macromedia Freehand when I have something which warrants having a nice pen tool/complex Bézier curve manipulation.
Glenn Reid's TouchType.app was just magical for textual logo design, and was a great example of how tightly focused small apps could be on that platform --- poste.app was simultaneously an app and a service and worth looking up for folks interested in such. Mac users should be sure to check out Services such as: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wordservice/id899972312?mt=12
And of course, Doom was fun even in 2-bit greyscale --- that's where it was originally developed and what the map editor ran on: https://doomwiki.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP
but I rather wish that there was an analogue for NeXT to the Mac's https://folklore.org/
DanielKehoe
WillAdams is a legend himself. Worth reading how Will and his brother Stephan made their journey in tech. And yes, we need a folklore.org for NeXT.
"As Black entrepreneurs with Berkeley educations, the Adams brothers experienced a complex combination of both structural discrimination and privilege as they started Adamation."
I should have remembered to note that I am _not_ that Will Adams.
This was clear on usenet con comp.sys.next.* since I had an aol.com address.
That said, Millenium Notebook was one of my favourite apps.
rohitkhare
Glad to hear from another NeXT & NCR 3125 pen computing enthusiast! Yes, it did feel like there were a lot more “new platforms” for early adopters to bet on and advocate for when so much was unsettled back “then” — but then again, none of that pen interface tech (Go and Windows for Pen Computing) worked as well as things finally work today...
As a NeXTStep user group leader, the usergroup scene is something else “in-person” that has been as altered as in-person offices were. Not lost or gone, but yes, different. Keep connecting, though — these are the “good ol’ days,” aren’t they?
WillAdams
Yeah, that said, it's just magical for me to (sometimes) lay out all of my devices and work from a sketched note on my phone (Note 10+), refer to a reference book on my Kindle Scribe, and work on a project on my Samsung Galaxy Book 3 Pro 360.
OhMeadhbh
In '93 I was (among other things) the Vice President of DaNG (Dallas area NeXT Group). At one of our meetings we had a couple of kids come in and show off this FPS they were working on... I thought it was great they were building games for NeXTStep, but was surprised to hear they wrote it in C++ instead of Objective-C. They said they did C++ 'cause that made it easier to port to DOS.
sgerenser
If you’re referring to DOOM, wasn’t it programmed in C, not C++?
OhMeadhbh
I'm reporting what I remember hearing. Around this time there were people who would code in C, but use a C++ compiler to get the few features that weren't present in C compilers yet. I'm thinking of things like "const" and double-slash-to-the-end-of-line comments.
FrankBooth
This story contains many errors.
OhMeadhbh
name one.
EleKtr1X
the logo paul rand designed for NeXT is just so timeless, it's great
thewileyone
First encounter with NeXT was when a lab full of black cubes appeared in school over a summer. Immediately became my favorite lab and I spent as much time as i could in that lab messing around on those cubes.
Second encounter was with my first tech job. This time, Pentium Pros was the hardware and the company used OpenStep to develop a paperless hospital solution. Spent about 2 years working on different bits and pieces. Great times!
sylens
I always felt that every piece of media about Steve Jobs glossed over his time at NeXT, so I was very happy to find a book that focused purely on this era from Geoffrey Cain this past year ("Steve Jobs in Exile"). As somebody who missed out on ever getting to use a NeXT Workstation I found it fascinating to find out what was going on at the same time that Microsoft's fledging desktop empire was still piecing itself together
endemic
I can also recommend "Steve Jobs and the NeXT big thing" by Randall Stross.
Btw this image viewer - per page, is extremely sluggish and slow.
lapcat
Perot was an early investor in NeXT but later lamented, according to the book Steve Jobs in Exile, "I gave Steve too much dang money."
Jobs was also wary, because Perot's intended use for NeXT computers was military.
WillAdams
Some folks claimed that one of the reasons the Newton got axed was that it was the subject of a highly successful battlefield test by the Marine Corps and that doing that was a way to not be a Defense Contractor.
wappieslurkz
Fascinating.
Though IMO it's a bit of a pity so many of these kind of historical picture series are in black & white, while color photography was largely available and affordable from the 60's onwards.
Looks like it. I was working at a startup in Sunnyvale in the early 2000s and a some of us would meet before work for a run at the bay trail. Wouldn't be too unusual to do that at lunch hour either.
That said, these photos look a bit staged.
ghaff
Many were almost certainly staged. At the time, people were not generally allowed to be casually snapping photos in work environments.
lloydatkinson
FYI this site attempts to scan your local network for devices.
random3
Those are some really good photos. I always love to look back at photos in workplaces. I took a ton myself and there's something really cool about capturing the workspaces in time.
rohitkhare
If you like that collection of photos at Stanford by Doug Menuez, he also published a coffee-table book at https://menuez.com/fearless-genius
At some level I know I'm seeing these pictures through rose-colored glasses, and these early-ish tech folks had plenty of gripes about office life. But man, I came into the workforce just in time for the idea of "working with people in person" to die. And I like working from home, but... man, working on truly new stuff, in person, with people who also care, looks like it was so much fun.
Maybe this is how early Google people felt or how early OpenAI felt. I don’t know. They do have an embarrassment of riches, but I am sure they also felt they were doing great things.
I also worked at modern-ish Amazon and it sucked. Horrible office environment, tedious tasks and overall sense of oppression is what I felt. It is such a huge company, maybe there were pockets of joy.
My current job is back working on hardware products and the software that runs in them. It isn’t quite the same feel as 80s computer companies, but some of the joy is there.
Your comment about Amazon sucking resonated as I recently talked with them about a job, but walked away being super disinterested. I do not think this is an Amazon problem (fwiw, I worked at Microsoft for a super long time), I think it's a "problem" with the massive success of technology in the world.
Back in the day of NeXT, Be and early Apple, it was alot about building something cool and fun and a less about the huge money that could/would be made. Now the whole world relies on technology and there is so much money that the environment of a tech company is alot more about the business than it is the technology.
I personally don't think thats necessarily a bad thing, it's just evolution of the technology business.
I think this is how best to sum it up. We (tech workers) had agency back in the day as we were on the vanguard of something new and there were no best practices in how to manage us. These companies were run by and for tech workers. Today, you'd have all sorts of "stakeholders" telling us what to do. Product managers, various management and/or work tracking styles (agile, KPIs, etc), and top-down oversight.
At my previous job, I was literally dressed down for doing work on the side to resolve some technical debt that was hindering other work because it wasn't properly pointed. Didn't matter that I did it on my own time - showing initiative beyond the current story board was a no-no. How is one supposed to be happy in such an environment?
Venture Capital, working in the office, how companies operate.
The 1980s and 1990s were largely a scene of people who wanted to be there and were less concerned with KPIs and raising money.
They were engineers or designers first for the most part.
Today’s world one of the first things that happen to any startup is an MBA rolls in to “help get it off the ground”
MBAs don't roll into startups to help get them off the ground. One of the good things about what YC has done to startup culture is remove the notion that engineers can't just run the company and do sales.
Yes, but in a much less frenzier and more kept in its place VC capital mindset.
Amazon is and always have been bean counters and toxic work culture, and any level, from warehouses to their devs. The rot starts with Bezos.
Eazel stories are very interesting because the company was trying to interact with the open source movement and this caused some friction several times. Looking back at some of those meetings, it is interesting to compare the youthful idealism of people like Miquel DeIcaza and Nate Friedman to the people they have become today.
I am trying to think of something interesting that hasn't been mentioned before. One thing I keep thinking about, when comparing it to other companies I have been at, is that I really liked the founders and the people there. So much in fact, that I ended up working with subsets of them at other companies a few more times. There was definitely stress and overwork and unpleasant things like that, but I never ended up feeling abused or treated poorly in the ways I experienced at Apple, Amazon, other startups or DreamWorks actually.
But the wonderful thing about these places is they can create/acquire/prop-up small subsidiaries. If they're self-aware enough to know the oppressive force at their size, they leave these offshoots alone (until too big, where the cycle repeats anyways). These are the parts where you can still experience the magic being discussed.
Presumably working at X Development (formerly Google X) still has a lot of this energy and autonomy.
I’ve worked a 2010s tech office setting, but that was from what I can gather quite a different beast than working in a tech office in the 80s and 90s. The things we worked on seemed so much more frivolous than what our counterparts did back then and culture was more focused on becoming a unicorn or getting bought up than creating something great.
I dunno, I look at records of those times and wish I could’ve been there and worked on something meaningful instead of bouncing though SV working for companies chasing dumb trends that turned out to be dead ends.
No-one writes blog posts about a boring and unproductive job they had in the 90s, and if they did it wouldn't reach the HN front page.
But if you look closely you can see this editor/compiler/references thing is reviving. Its just, the kids are telling the AI to edit/compile/reference.
The majority of jobs from the earlier computing era were doing mindless menial work like fixing the Y2K bug in 1000 COBOL systems doing boring stuff like accounting software.
I’ve mentioned in comments here and elsewhere that I wish I could’ve worked at Bell Labs or Xerox PARC…what a time that must’ve been. Alas. At least my side projects keep me busy; they don’t pay the bills yet but they’re the best chance I got to work on something meaningful and (eventually) get paid to do so.
This is sad and kinda foolish but it's refreshing to hear money going in this direction instead of the other. I hope this CEO has a good life at least.
For example, you could have been dealing with COBOL banking software. Or order management software. Or even spreadsheet software.
The difference being that all the tools were a lot worse and everything was built from the ground up so it took a lot longer.
Exciting stuff was about as common as it is today, and the reason you aren't doing exciting stuff today is likely because you know that 90% of those companies will end up failing and might not actually pay you. The most successful of those companies will likely do something like selling insurance adjustment software.
Saying this because looking back at my own office spaces through photos and nostalgia feels very different from how it felt and was perceived back then. Connecting in person is much harder nowadays, true, but back then people were not really valuing this ease of connection - it was just an obvious and often obligatory part of your work life.
Brains are weird.
I cant see it. I was in the embedded dev world from the early 90s to mid 2000s before I moved into infrastructure architecture. The mostly homogeneous world we currently live in is just not even close to what we had in the 90s. At one point I had a Next Cube, an IBM RS/6000 (AIX 4.x Unix), a BeBox (BeOS), an OS/2 system (PPC), a Sun SparcStation and 2 x NT 3.x system (x86 and PPC) all sat in my office at the same time. The diversity of hardware and operating systems is just not comparable to today. It was an exciting time of rapid development and change and we were aware of it. Much different to what we have now where we just like to pretend we are in a time of rapid development and change but the reality is incremental change and small increments at that outside of AI
I havent found anything in the IT world to excite me for close to 20 years. The expanding core counts were interesting to start with but soon got boring. The introduction of ARM was hardly an excitement. RISC-V is dead as far as performance designs go though its a great micro controller arch. Software is abstraction layer piled on top of abstraction layer piled on top of abstraction layer. There is almost nothing new and hasn't been for a long time
While I'd like to think so I can't see myself romanticising the open plan cattle pen we're in now.
I do romanticise when I had my own cube and desk, still loud but nothing compared to the cattle pen we're in now with long floor wide benches, having your opposite neighbour's face in your field of view all day and everyone yelling on zoom calls from all directions.
A SW guy in the bay area costs $15,000 a month. And the MBA's won't spring for even 50 square feet of space for them? Which would be what $300/month?
I think you guys should just up and riot.
In a way, it hasn't changed a ton. Except, the startups now are not so scrappy, and the mission is pretty hotly debated (and for understandable reasons0.
I have some good memories associated with open floor plan offices, but I totally get why others might not be so lucky. There were several days back then where the commotion surrounding me was too “loud” (e.g. people moving in my peripheral vision catching my attention) to shut out, even with good ANC headphones, and made it near impossible to work. I would’ve loved a cubicle or private office on days like that.
These days I work from home and don’t miss that aspect of modern offices a whole lot, even if they do enable the occasional serendipitous positive moments.
They aren't mixmaxing or trying to score a promo.
Watch Office Space if you haven't already. That's what most of the irl white-collar existence really reflected throughout my career. And unless you actively pursued (and arguably created in part yourself by seeking out, showing up, and participating) something special even back then at a startup, you were very likely missing out then as much as now.
There are still people making things, irl even. I'd be surprised if Tenstorrent didn't have an environment like you're pining for, or Tilt Five.
You can get a sense of what it was like in the film Real Genius.
In the film, it's college. But a lot of companies of the era weren't too different from what is pictured.
Bill also had some different definitions of “getting stuff done”. At General Magic when others were driving super hard to get things done, he would make soup and ensure that everyone was eating and not totally driving themselves into the ground.
It was a really interesting group of people, with Pierre Omidyar and Tony Fadell going on to make large impacts in the tech world in different ways. Everyone there was really interesting and smart, even the ones who continued to build and work without all the publicity.
You really don't. The world has gotten a lot worse in lots of ways when those days are compared to today, and the industry and job market for IT even more so.
I'm 43, but when I was your age I worked for a agency doing custom software development for non-software companies, in an office. I retrospectively think that could have been some of the most meaningful time that I spent in my career -- in terms of having impact on the real world that I can point to, and growth and social connections. Also, because the people who ran the company had little experience of the business world: almost no meetings, no product managers (we just talked directly to our customers). Just about 15 software devs, some UX folks and a minimum viable management layer (who was also sales).
It was mostly 1-2 people per project for the lifetime of the customer, so you had a lot of leeway over how you built software, as you were going to be probably maintaining it for the rest of your time at the company.
But at the time I hated it: meh pay, chaotic work environment, micro-management of your time, FILLING IN TIMESHEETS, an open-plan environment which was noisy and distracting, no structured knowledge sharing, CI, testing or other grown-up software practices. I was very unhappy there and don't want to over-romanticize it -- but I wouldn't be the person I am today without that experience.
Specifically, their gripes were that their boss was extremely abusive. Read "Steve Jobs in Exile" about the NeXT days. After that, you may no longer feel that you missed out.
My observation about being in Silicon Valley in the 80s/90s was the overall changing environment and ethos of the people there. I am sure there are going to be some massive simplifications here, so bear with me.
One is the overall environment back then. Things weren't cheap, but rent was much more affordable in relation to pay. NeXT paid well, you could rent in decent place in Burlingame, Foster City, Redwood City, etc. The commute down Seaport was fairly quick and traffic was light. Things seemed less crowded and frenetic and that made going into the office less of a chore. The cost of living in Silicon Valley is pretty intense. The tiny townhouse I bought in Cupertino near the current Apple campus was $150,000. It recently sold for 1.2 million. I haven't charted it, but the relation between compensation and housing costs have to be wildly out of proportion to when I bought the place. I was pulling a very good salary at the time and a lot of that money went into savings and investments. Now, I imagine a lot of that income would go into mortgages and expenses. Maybe current residents can comment.
The overall attitude seemed to be more about doing new and interesting things and maybe the money will follow. There wasn't as much of a go to Silicon Valley and get rich doing a startup. Maybe this was just an echo of some Berkeley hippie vibe that was present in a lot of the tech startups back then.
The new and interesting things also seemed more accessible. It seemed like there was less gatekeeping and more ways to get involved with "cool" stuff. Maybe this was also an echo of the Homebrew Computer club and early computer hacker ethos.
I do work person to person in a company, but I feel super lucky to have gotten this role. Really good in-person roles just seem super rare. The ones that I have been exposed to at Amazon, Google, Facebook and other current hiring centers just seem miserable to me. Please correct me if I am wrong and am missing the big picture.
In-person, copresent time spent with friends has _also_ collapsed by roughly 60% over the last two decades. The social fabric of our civilization is thinning out!
Have you seen _The Matrix_? That's pretty much where this is all headed: total corporate mediation of human experience and relationships. You are forced to passively contemplate as an audience member the very concepts of joy and creative agency that oyr current economic architecture denies you from living.
Your nostalgia is valid; you're being cheated! Swindled! Thieved blind!
Dense, multi-stranded local networks and informal support structures are an obstacle to the Capitalist imperative to enclose every non-monetized "commons" and turn every facet of human life into an immediate site of market extraction.
The only solution is engaging neighbors and co-workers in direct conversations to name our concrete, everyday grievances.
Directly! And not on moderated forums like these, where powerful techno-elitists can continue the project of mediating our reality. (Hi, Tom!)
it is not too late to build a better computer and to also be in a working environment that has fun
Also, Steve Jobs in Exile, the most recent book about NeXT, is highly recommended.
The GUI library aspect is progressing well, but getting a desktop environment going is challenging even with AI. Still I want to capture things like the document workspaces and such. Lately Ive been tempted with making a postscript like display server based on GPU accelerated vector primitives.
1: https://github.com/elcritch/merenda
One of my goals with Merenda is to make a NextStep/Cocoa like GUI system but with a richer primitives - things like resizing corners dynamically with the shadows or adjusting gloss positions on skeuomorphic buttons.
Things web pages can do nowadays but in a NextStep like framework with rich MVC. Also with message passing but in Nim a more strongly typed language than ObjC.
An alternative evolution of Cocoa instead of SwiftUI.
- pop-up/vertical main menu
- PANTONE colour library
- Display PostScript
I actually used similar machines running NeXT/OPENSTEP, Mac OS, and Windows shortly after graduation and the performance was smoother and more consistent in NeXTstep 3.3, though I will admit OPENSTEP 4.2 felt just a tad more sluggish, but it was far and away the more useful and capable machine, even when running the same software (e.g., Altsys Virtuoso vice Aldus Freehand, or FrameMaker or WordPerfect).
Probably helped that the Cube had 52MB RAM, the Mac 8MB, and the Windows 12MB.
I really wish Display GhostScript had gotten traction w/ the GNUstep folks.
On comp.sys.next.advocacy Mike Paquette talked about how he might not have stayed at Apple after the NeXT acquisition if he'd realized that that first decade was going to be a re-tread of his first decade at NeXT (writing Quartz vice writing Display PostScript) which I think really understates how important that code is.
(It's vobecoded in the original sense of the word)
Is it even possible to overstate the impact that Jobs has had on the world?
That's not his fault specifically, and it's possible someone else would have invented the same tech eventually.
But he had a gift for sawing the hard edges off tech and making it palatable. Adtech and social media both took full advantage of that, and there's no evidence he saw that as a problem.
Thus the FPS genre in gaming was pioneered on these pioneering machines.
Object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces became more common after the 1988 release of the NeXT Computer and NeXTSTEP. The platform was often held as the trendsetter when other companies started to emulate the success of NeXT's object-oriented system. Sun Microsystems partnered with NeXT, for the NeXTSTEP Solaris but lost interest, but it later created Java as a direct competitor to NeXTSTEP.
Apple used NeXT's software technologies as the foundation for Rhapsody, Mac OS X (later macOS), and the operating systems that followed.
So NeXT -> Doom -> Nvidia -> AI
Yes, very easily. He didn't actually make anything, he was a sales guy. It was the engineers who worked around him (Woz in the Apple days, others after) who deserve credit, not Jobs himself.
This is literally what happened. I highly recommend the book "Steve Jobs in Exile" about the NeXT years.
Jobs had a vague idea—he wanted to make a computer for higher education—but that's about it. And after leaving Apple he had to promise not to compete with Apple.
The NeXT team traveled around to various universities and asked them what they wanted from a computer. Then they started to build it… but it became something else (vastly more expensive than the requested price point) because Jobs wanted the "perfect" computer.
> the engineers just so happened to make it?
Jobs was a micromanager, though not so much with the Apple II, which was definitely the baby of Woz. However, Jobs was constantly changing his mind and his requirements, much to the consternation of the NeXT engineers, and the indecision of Jobs played a big role in the failure of NeXT.
You may not consider NeXT a failure because it was ultimately acquired by Apple, but at that point Jobs had mostly given up on NeXT and moved his attention to Pixar. In fact Jobs infamously sold all of the Apple stock he got from the sale of NeXT, and the Apple board had to beg a reluctant Jobs to become interim CEO, because they couldn't find anyone else who wanted the job of rescuing a failing company.
To be fair, sales is crucial. For example, Jean-Louis Gassée totally botched the presentation of Be to the Apple board, making no effort, assuming it was already a done deal, whereas Jobs and NeXT nailed it.
The 100x more value is only in hindsight, no?
> OSX would certainly never have shipped.
If this had been known by Apple beforehand, then wouldn't Be have been worth $0, and the sale price irrelevant?
Well, honestly, in hindsight, let me correct to 10000x! But seriously, this is a discussion about a historical event, and that is what my comment expressed.
> If this had been known by Apple beforehand, then wouldn't Be have been worth $0, and the sale price irrelevant?
I don't really understand this comment. I mean, Be actually ended up being worth about 11 million as a result (the Palm acquisition). Apple, meaning Gil Amelio, Ellen Hancock and the other business and technical people who met with us at Be, and our counterparts at NeXT, had to to an analysis and predict the future as to which technology would replace the current Macintosh OS and eliminate the failing Taligent, Pink and whatever else efforts were going on. And even then it wasn't easy; there was infighting between the Apple teams and the NeXT teams that didn't get resolved until Steve came out of limbo during the 18 months he was acting as a advisor to Gil Amelio.
What isn't commonly discussed, is there was an option for both acquisitions to happen, but a combination of JLG, the Be board and shareholders and Steve made that not happen. Instead, Be went into making internet appliances, audio hardware and the company and its stock price slid into decline. Be did get one additional windfall of 23 million in 2003 which was the result of lawsuit settlement, so I guess the overall company value ended up being 34 million.
Most of us would have preferred to work with the NeXT people at Apple and convert our Be shares into Apple shares, instead of seeing the stock price fall and the code become irrelevant.
I was trying to reconcile the various statements in your previous comment:
"the biggest botch was JLG asking for too much money"
"Steve ended up asking for 4x as much"
"it had so many flaws, missing features and shallow implementations, OSX would certainly never have shipped"
If Jobs asked for 4x as much as JLG, and Apple went with Jobs, then clearly the ask by itself was not the problem.
And if the Apple board of directors had concluded that BeOS would never work for Apple, then my question would be, why would Apple pay anything for it?
I wasn't aware of this:
> What isn't commonly discussed, is there was an option for both acquisitions to happen
What would be the purpose of acquiring both? Was the idea to acquire Be only for the talent and not for the OS?
A bit of both and it is a fascinating thing for me to think about, because of the knock on effects. Because Steve was insightful, even if JLG was on board with it, Steve probably would have told Amelio, don't bother, because we can scoop up the people later on. Steve did something later on with Eazel, although with Andy Herzfeld's request to do so, and ended with much of the Safari team, Finder/Spotlight team, key CoreGraphics and iPhone team members and more.
If all of Be had went to Apple, perhaps Apple would have use used elements of the Media Kit, the file system (Dominic ended up at Apple doing the new file system, and more anyway), the UX team (Bill Bull ended up at Apple anyway), etc. But the effect on the industry would have been interesting. Danger, Inc. and the Hiptop wouldn't have happened, Android under Andy Rubin wouldn't have happened, Hiroshi would have ended up an exec at Apple and not running Android for Google, Eazel probably wouldn't have happened (not such a big deal). Benoit would have been an exec at Apple and not Google, Erich Ringewald would have ended up an exec at Apple and not Amazon, etc. These are must minor fluctuations I guess, but fun to think about.
But in reality, Jobs was probably unique in that he blended a combination of multiple roles - sales/marketing, product designer/manager, strategist/visionary, and had the muscle being CEO to impose his will accordingly.
The trope of “he didn’t really do anything as it was the engineers who did the real work” is one trotted out time and time again, by (presumably) grumpy engineers. And it misses the point that, yes, Apple (or Next, or SpaceX) wouldn’t have delivered their exceptional products without the hard work of the engineers, but they also wouldn’t have delivered them in the same way (or at all) without Jobs (or Musk) and what they offered, either.
- first iPod prototype --- Steve Jobs dropped it into an aquarium and when bubbles rose up noted, "there's space inside, it can be smaller". https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-threw-ipod-protot...
- iDVD --- he drew a button on a whiteboard and announced, "Here’s the new application. It’s got one window. You drag your video into the window. Then you click the button that says BURN. That’s it. That’s what we’re going to make." https://www.entrepreneur.com/living/how-steve-jobs-1-design-...
I'd like to think that the current behaviour of the Apple Font pallet where when collapsed into a single bar grew out of a suggestion made after discussions on comp.sys.mac.advocacy --- but he was justifiably proud when he showed it off to one visitor (per a link I can no longer find, or which is no longer up, or behind a paywall)
As a matter of fact, the first time I even heard of NeXT was a decade later in around ‘98, when PC Magazine or Computer Shopper (I can’t remember exactly which one) made a brief and snarky mention of the NeXT Cube in a retrospective blurb as a novel yet highly incompatible computer system, no doubt penned by John C Dvorak (RIP) who always had it out for Steve Jobs. It stuck with me, because the image of the NeXT they used looked like no other computer I was familiar with at the time and I was head over heels for it. I even tried procuring one for many years but was ultimately unsuccessful.
Frog did an outstanding job on the design language for the NeXT hardware. They then went on to help design the look of the Packard Bell PCs from the early to mid 90s too.
These are really cool photos and, honestly, I’d love to travel back to this past even briefly, just to experience it in person if I could.
In a very real sense, the NeXT platform never fell. It just changed its name to Mac OS X. Apple still ships Chess.app and TextEdit.app which can be launched from Dock.app, and you might see a spinning beachball cursor while it loads.
This was one or two years before Apple's deal, when no one had big hopes for NeXT's future.
I have it displayed on the stairs to the basement of my software consulting firm. I nod at it every time I walk by.. and then ponder the chaos that would ensue if I plugged it into the internet.
I'm not Jobs' biggest fan, but we stand on the shoulders of giants.
They left out that it was in Fremont, California, providing jobs (lol) for Americans — something that Apple famously stopped doing on their path to becoming obscenely rich: https://www.cultofmac.com/news/a-brief-history-of-steve-jobs...
What I meant was he made some really horrible _business_ decisions while at NeXT, things that would be considered obvious today, like constant opinion changing on whim, constant product delays, product decisions that for the most part seemed to make the product more expensive and less functional, skipping important business meetings because oh-I'm-so-important when they really needed the sales etc. Granted I got all this from a podcast and didn't dig into the details myself, but I think for the large part he did objectively make some pretty horrible decisions in the early days at NeXT, although in the end it seems that he did seem to learn from them and turn things around, and arguably made him the guy he is more known for today.
Again, my amazement mostly stems from how he even had the chance to turn things around given the way the company was going and how he clearly still had some pretty talented people stick through the whole ordeal and end up producing valuable products through all that was going on.
For all his warts and all, Jobs is starting to age well in comparison to the current crop of wankers.
Excuse my French.
IMO this is a disingenuous take on Steve Jobs. No, all of us are not as horrible to other people as Jobs, who was notorious for his abusiveness. This is like saying, we all tell lies, so how can we criticize Trump? There's a huge difference between normal human foibles and extreme antisocial behavior. Perhaps Jobs calmed down a bit as he got older, but the reports from his coworkers at NeXT for example were ugly. Some of them retained a lifetime of bitterness, and his death was a kind of catharsis for them, not that they wished him dead but rather they could finally let go of the old emotions.
Even good-natured Woz was pained when he finally learned years later that Jobs had cheated him on a pre-Apple business deal. The problem wasn't the money, which Woz was always happy to give away. It was the betrayal of trust and friendship. Jobs was not a normal dude. He was a deceitful narcissist; this is on the public record in an FBI background check: https://vault.fbi.gov/steve-jobs (credit to the book "Steve Jobs in Exile" for the link)
Does the end justify the means? That's an ethical question.
Also, how much did we really need what we have now? We can ask whether dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was justified, but in any case the stakes were extremely high, already life and death, world war. The stakes are not nearly the same when we're talking about luxury consumer tech gadgets. How much do workers need to be abused just to produce those?
I've listened to the most recent books, e.g. "Apple in China", "Steve Jobs in Exile", "Apple the first 50 years". By all accounts, he was a very difficult persona, but somehow folks gravitated to him or he changed gravity. Not trying to idolize the guy but failing, but I'll tell you I cried and my heart sank when I heard the news of his passing.
Who can you name now at the helm of any tech company today that has anywhere same gravitas? The charlatans at the 2 top AI firms? Certainly not MSFT, Google, Amazon and FB ether, imo. Nobody cares about their CEOs.
The stakes are not nearly the same when we're talking about luxury consumer tech gadgets. How much do workers need to be abused just to produce those?
But on this, vote with your wallet. This is not luxury though, this is - https://www.neimanmarcus.com/p/prod293940005
Neiman Marcus The 2026 Fantasy Gifts Star Wars Legacy Experience $182,500
iPhones are just phones at a different price point at a different quality point with different levels of support. Some like Hondas, others - Lexus'. I can't say about abuse, I haven't been to China or India, but do you think any people on Android assembly lines fare better off? Not arguing, just spitballing.
I was very hopeful when Rhapsody was announced, but quite disappointed by Mac OS X Public Beta managed to slow my PowerMac G4/400MHz at my day job down to almost the same speed as my 25MHz NeXT Cube (always was bummed I couldn't manage to justify a Turbo 33MHz machine). It took the better part of a decade for things to catch up, though my favourite version was Snow Leopard.
Still quite disappointed that MacWorld couldn't be bothered to print my letter calling out David Pogue for claiming that Steve Jobs was using an IBM ThinkPad running Windows (it of course had OPENSTEP installed, being one of the few models on the supported hardware list).
Really enjoyed using Altsys Virtuoso 2.0 and programming in Display PostScript and seeing the results on-screen in real-time --- it was more-or-less ported to Windows and Mac OS as FreeHand v4 (and a version of it was announced/advertised for Windows NT, not sure if it ever shipped) --- still resort to Macromedia Freehand when I have something which warrants having a nice pen tool/complex Bézier curve manipulation.
Glenn Reid's TouchType.app was just magical for textual logo design, and was a great example of how tightly focused small apps could be on that platform --- poste.app was simultaneously an app and a service and worth looking up for folks interested in such. Mac users should be sure to check out Services such as: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wordservice/id899972312?mt=12
And of course, Doom was fun even in 2-bit greyscale --- that's where it was originally developed and what the map editor ran on: https://doomwiki.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP
Lots of information at:
https://nextworldarchive.com/
but I rather wish that there was an analogue for NeXT to the Mac's https://folklore.org/
"As Black entrepreneurs with Berkeley educations, the Adams brothers experienced a complex combination of both structural discrimination and privilege as they started Adamation."
https://computerhistory.org/blog/meet-the-adams-brothers/
This was clear on usenet con comp.sys.next.* since I had an aol.com address.
That said, Millenium Notebook was one of my favourite apps.
As a NeXTStep user group leader, the usergroup scene is something else “in-person” that has been as altered as in-person offices were. Not lost or gone, but yes, different. Keep connecting, though — these are the “good ol’ days,” aren’t they?
Second encounter was with my first tech job. This time, Pentium Pros was the hardware and the company used OpenStep to develop a paperless hospital solution. Spent about 2 years working on different bits and pieces. Great times!
Cool, look at this list titled Digital:
Steve with Ross Perot here
Btw this image viewer - per page, is extremely sluggish and slow.
Jobs was also wary, because Perot's intended use for NeXT computers was military.
I'm curious about: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/menuez/catalog/rw840qg3512 https://exhibits.stanford.edu/menuez/catalog/rd259yj2574
(jogging club?)
That said, these photos look a bit staged.
He also had access to the Apple Newton team and produced https://beyondword.com/products/defying-gravity-31949 , which is also part of their collection at https://archives.stanford.edu/catalog/photo451_aspace_ref192...